Norfolk and tasman retaining walls au keystone retaining wall systems. Mass gravity gabion retaining wall gabion applications. Mechanically stabilized earth mse retaining walls are growing in popularity. The gabion baskets can be manufactured from either welded or woven mesh, dependent on the individual project requirements. This system reduces the massive footprints demanded by cantilevered traditional gravity retaining walls and gives developers and owners greater use of land above the wall. At recon, we are proud of our tradition of offering a big block retaining wall product line that adds value for our customers, and for our retaining wall design and retaining wall contractor partners. Pdf optimum design of gravity retaining walls using charged. A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples. The basic design precepts employed in cantilever walls include considerations of dead man tiebacks, taking active pressures to the bottom of the wall and considering any reductions in passive resistance for inclined slopes. Semi gravity retaining wall reduce the dimensions of the gravity retaining wall by using some reinforcement. While the reinforced concrete retaining wall resists the lateral pressure by structural action such as bending and results in thinner section. The bank of supported earth is assumed to weigh 110 lbft. It is usually made of plain concrete and is used for walls up to approximately 10 ft in height. Degree gravel and coarse sandy backfill soil 3336 medium to fine sandy backfill soil 2932 silty sand 2730 p max k a.
Design of gravity retaining walls in excel sloped and. Retaining wall construction details for wall design and. The slip surfaces have different projection angles behind the retaining wall, but coalesce to a single failure plane under the wall itself. Under static conditions, retaining walls are acted upon by body forces related to the mass of the wall, by soil pressures, and by external forces such as those transmitted by braces.
Ce 437537, spring 2011 retaining wall design example 1 8 design a reinforced concrete retaining wall for the following conditions. However, retaining wallscanalsobeconstructed for aesthetic landscaping. Rather, support for the calculations is provided and a comprehensive help menu and design theory is a part of the package provided by recon. Types of retaining wall cantilever retaining wall it consists of a. Retainwall is a software mainly developed for the purpose of designing a concrete or masonry retaining wall. Every retaining wall must be engineered to withstand the pressure from the soils and other loads behind and above them. You can access the deepex retaining wall design exaples below.
Sand, friction angle 30 degrees, total unit weight 120 pcf, loading modulus of elasticity eload 300 ksf, reloading modulus of elasticity eur. A secant pile wall example will be analyzed with deepex. Gravity walls the gravity wall figure 1a depends mostly on its own weight for stability. The following parameters influence the design of the retaining wall. It is not intended as a textbook of soil mechanics or geotechnical engineering. Worked example 2 design of concrete cantilever retaining. Retaining walls page 17 q1b calculate the soil pressure under the footing of the retaining wall of q1a.
Worked examples of retaining wall design to bs8002 the following worked examples have been prepared to illustrate the application of bs8002 to retaining wall design. How to model a gravityretaining wall using sweep in wall structure. Design of slopped gravity retaining wall in excel design of vertical gravity retaining wall. Semigravity retaining wall reduce the dimensions of the gravity retaining wall by using some reinforcement. Supports and external loads can be added on the model graphically or using the userfriendly model wizard. Whether the recon application focuses on the scale and aesthetics of the recon block, the durability of the wetcast, airentrained concrete retaining wall blocks. Retaining wall can be constructed with masonry as well as reinforced concrete. Hence they provide a lateral support to vertical slopes of soil that would otherwise collapse into a more natural shape. The example calculations are made here using mathcad. Eurocode 7 workshop retaining wall examples 57 mafiadoc. How to choose the right retaining wall for your project. The semigravity wall is a modification of the gravity wall in which small amounts of reinforcing steel are introduced.
However, what should one look for in a retaining wall design software. Retaining walls page 10 lateral soil pressure on retaining walls typical angle of internal friction for backfill soil soil type. Retaining wall design software free download retaining. Optimum design of gravity retaining walls using charged system search algorithm article pdf available in mathematical problems in engineering 121 november 2012 with 651 reads. In the design of the retaining structure, the principles are the same for both woven and welded mesh gabions. It is time consuming to do all the stability and reinforcement design using in house tools. A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples 7 bs8002 bs8002 design table 1 soil saturated density 21. Cantilever retaining wall reinforced concrete wall with small dimensions and it is the most economical type and the most common note. The wedge is defined as the soil which extends beyond the failure. A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples 1. To design retaining walls, it is necessary to define failure and to know how walls can fail. Some of the many types of gravity retaining walls were described in chapter 1.
Retaining wall design of reinforced concrete structure. A total of ten designs were considered, of which three were retaining walls. They are not full detailed calculations such as might be prepared for a real wall design but are limited to the calculation of earth pressure and bearing capacity, showing how the. Design of septic tank with design example septic tanks are now a days extensively used in most parts of the world and people are trying to adopt this system of removing human excreted waste.
Before you analyze any retaining wall make sure you have an accurate picture of the jobsite conditions. In minutes you can design or analyze nearly any configuration or loading condition for cantilevered, restrained, gravity, gabion, soldier pile, or segmental retaining walls. Gravity walls depend upon bulk weight for stability, as opposed to a cantilevered retaining wall fixed to a foundation. The type of retaining wall retaining walls can be broadly divided into four main categories namely, gravity walls, cantilever walls, anchored walls, and reinforced soil or nailed walls. Cantilever or restrained retaining wall calculations o r g a n iz a io n f. At first glance, the steps involved in construction of a recon retaining wall appear relatively simple. Retaining walls are structure used to retain soil, rock or other materials in a vertical condition. It analyses the stability of the wall based on the loads and resistances, and results in. Worked example to accompany mbie guidance on the seismic design of retaining structures for residential sites in greater christchurch version 2 november 2014.
This manual presents the techniques used by allan block in our engineering practice to design retaining walls. Ab engineering manual retaining walls allan block wall. The design of a recon segmental retaining wall may be straightforward or it may be quite complex and involve a high degree of geotechnical andor civil engineering expertise. To further understand the designed approach, here is a worked example of the design of the retaining wall.
A retaining wall that relies solely on its own weight to stand up is called a gravity wall. The wall may retain soil or other granular material. Magnumstone gravity retaining wall extenders replace geogrid reinforcements by using a tongueandgroove concrete system that meets or exceeds the demands of engineers. Retaining wall design software free download retaining wall. Design and analysis of retaining walls 2 economical when the wall height exceeds 8m. Cantilever and restrained retaining wall design software. Worked examples of retaining wall design to bs8002.
Recon gravity retaining walls recon wall systems, inc. When you want to be the goto resource for redirock designs, having a copy of geo5 redirock wall professional is the way to go. Deflection generally governs design for cantilever walls more than 18 feet high. What is the design procedure for gravity retaining wall. Each type of retaining wall has its own particular characteristics, which make it more suitable for certain applications than others. Gravity retaining wall ouestion a gravity retaining wall is shown below. Compaction of backfill behind a retaining wall is normally affected by the compactors. Retaining walls in theory and practice, a textbook for.
Design of semi gravity retaining walls 1 a semi gravity retaining wall consisting of plain concrete weight 145 lbft. A brief version of the results of the analysis is shown the following page. However, retaining wallscanalsobeconstructed for aesthetic landscaping purposes. Deepex can design retaining walls with many different wall and support types.
In case of masonry retaining wall, the thickness of wall increases with height because masonry resists the lateral pressure by its weight. Course objectives they seem to crop up everywhere, like cell phone towers. Assume variation of water pressure below wall same as cp2 example. Determine the resultant vertical force, w total intersects the bottom of the footing. Basics of retaining wall design 10 editionth a design guide for earth retaining structures contents at a glance. The semigravity wall is a modification of the gravity wall in which small amounts of. Abwall here is example 1 as designed using keywall 2001. Whereas, if bracing is in front of the wall and is in compression instead of tension, the wall is called buttress retaining wall. In this example, the structural design of the three retaining wall components is performed by hand. Retaining walls can be broadly divided into four main categories namely, gravity walls, cantilever walls, anchored walls, and reinforced soil or nailed walls. Cantilever concrete retaining walls are commonly used for residential purposes, often as integral basement walls.
Design of slopped gravity retaining wall in excel design of vertical gravity retaining wall sloped type. The design is based on the mass of the gabions providing stability to counteract the force of the grounds load. Preface standards australia has published as 46782002 for the design of earth retaining structures, which. Figure 4 is a graph showing the frictional angle used along the slip surface. Redirock wall freeware is a robust software tool for geotechnical engineers to design and analyze cross sections of redirock gravity walls. With this powerful software, youll have the answers to all the toughest design challenges in your area. Note that the slip surface is forced to slide just below the gravity wall. The wall is assumed to be located in the christchurch port hills. Usually the cantilever wall stem is of concrete block.
The working principal of septic tank is quite simple the bigger particles that comes with the waste water settles down at the bottom of the tank forms sludge, the greasy. Types of retaining wall gravity wall made of plain concrete or brick masonry the stability of the wall is maintained by its own weight made up to a height of 3 m. Gravity walls are built with massive blocks that use a tongueandgroove system to lock together. A retaining wall software is a program intended to design a retaining wall based on building code and industry standards. A gravity retaining wall is a retaining wall that can be built in a tight area where there isnt a lot of room to excavate. Standard gravity wall analysis considers sliding, bearing and overturning forces. Design of gravity retaining walls in excel sloped and stepped.
Pdf optimum design of gravity retaining walls using. Retaining wall software, retaining wall design software. Variations on the basic design, including curves, tiers, railings, stairs, walkways and the like are making them more and more attractive to designers and architects. The purpose of this article is for the reader to fully understand the principle behind it. If you design retaining walls, you know its tedious and timeconsuming.
This example is intended to be readily calculated by hand although a lot of structural spreadsheets and software such as prokon are available. The following worked examples have been prepared to illustrate the application of bs8002 to retaining wall design. Design of semi gravity retaining walls wec civilians. D ata sheet concrete retaining walls concrete retaining walls provide a durable solution that is required of a structure in contact. Structural design of cantilever retaining wall is depend on separating each part of wall and. Calculations had been submitted in advance for these designs by 15 contributors and an initial comparison was presented at the workshop. Developed by the makers of geo5, the easytouse free software ensures all the details of your project are accounted for while the robust input options allow for extremely precise geotechnical modeling. There are obviously many solutions out in the market, first though you need to determine what your design needs are.
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